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Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun. It is referred to as Earth's sister planet due to its similar structure, size and mass.

Although Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun (in which the title goes to Mercury), it is in fact the hottest. This is because Venus has a thick and dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Under the atmosphere, the temperature rises up to 475 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is equal to 92 bars.

The compounds in Venus' atmosphere are capable of reflecting light efficiently. This allows Venus to reflect back most of the light from the Sun it receives. This is also the reason Venus looks so bright in the night sky (The second brightest object after the Moon).

Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun. It is referred to as Earth's sister planet due to its similar structure, size and mass.

Although Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun (in which the title goes to Mercury), it is in fact the hottest. This is because Venus has a thick and dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Under the atmosphere, the temperature rises up to 475 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is equal to 92 bars.

The compounds in Venus' atmosphere are capable of reflecting light efficiently. This allows Venus to reflect back most of the light from the Sun it receives. This is also the reason Venus looks so bright in the night sky (The second brightest object after the Moon).

Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun. It is referred to as Earth's sister planet due to its similar structure, size and mass.

Although Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun (in which the title goes to Mercury), it is in fact the hottest. This is because Venus has a thick and dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Under the atmosphere, the temperature rises up to 475 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is equal to 92 bars.

The compounds in Venus' atmosphere are capable of reflecting light efficiently. This allows Venus to reflect back most of the light from the Sun it receives. This is also the reason Venus looks so bright in the night sky (The second brightest object after the Moon).

Planet V is the name of yet another hypothetical planet between Mars and Jupiter, but the reasons for thinking it once existed are completely different. The story starts with the Apollo missions to the Moon. The Apollo astronauts brought many moon rocks back to Earth, some of which were “impact melt rocks,” formed when something big like an asteroid hits the Moon and generates enough heat to melt rock. Scientists used radiometric dating to estimate when those rocks cooled and found something surprising—most cooled during a narrow window between 3.8 and 4 billion years ago.

Apparently, many asteroids or comets struck the Moon during that time interval, an event known as the Late Heavy Bombardment (LH. It was “late” because it happened after most other bombardments. Big collisions happened all the time in the early solar system, but that time had passed. This raised a question: What happened to temporarily increase the number of asteroids hitting the Moon?

About 10 years ago, John Chambers and Jack J. Lissauer suggested that the cause might have been a long-lost planet, which they called Planet V. They proposed that Planet V started out in an orbit between the orbits of Mars and the main asteroid belt before the gravity of the inner planets caused Planet V to move out into the asteroid belt, where it knocked many asteroids onto trajectories that ultimately led them to hit the Moon. Meanwhile, Planet V crashed into the Sun. This hypothesis has been met with criticism—not everyone agrees that the LHB happened, but even if it did, there are other possible explanations besides the Planet V hypothesis.

Nibiru, or Planet X, is a hypothetical planet in the solar system. The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) that certain groups believed would take place in the early 21st century. Believers in this doomsday event usually refer to this object as Nibiru or Planet X. The idea was first put forward in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, founder of the website ZetaTalk. Lieder describes herself as a contactee with the ability to receive messages from extraterrestrials from the Zeta Reticuli star system through an implant in her brain. She states that she was chosen to warn mankind that the object would sweep through the inner Solar System in May 2003 (though that date was later postponed) causing Earth to undergo a physical pole shift that would destroy most of humanity.

The prediction has subsequently spread beyond Lieder's website and has been embraced by numerous Internet doomsday groups. In the late 2000s, it became closely associated with the 2012 phenomenon. Since 2012, the Nibiru cataclysm has frequently reappeared in the popular media, usually linked to newsmaking astronomical objects such as Comet ISON or Planet Nine. Although the name "Nibiru" is derived from the works of the ancient astronaut writer Zecharia Sitchin and his interpretations of Babylonian and Sumerian mythology, he denied any connection between his work and various claims of a coming apocalypse. A prediction by self-described "Christian numerologist" David Meade that the Nibiru cataclysm would occur on 23 September 2017 received extensive media coverage.

The idea that a planet-sized object will collide with or closely pass by Earth in the near future is not supported by any scientific evidence and has been rejected by astronomers and planetary scientists as pseudoscience and an Internet hoax. Such an object would have destabilised the orbits of the planets to the extent that their effects would be easily observable today. Astronomers have hypothesized many planets beyond Neptune, and though many have been disproved, there are some that remain viable candidates such as Planet Nine. All the current candidates are in orbits that keep them well beyond Neptune throughout their orbit, even when they are closest to the Sun.

Planet V is a hypothetical fifth terrestrial planet posited by NASA scientists John Chambers and Jack J. Lissauer to have once existed between Mars and The Asteroid Belt. In their hypothesis the Late Heavy Bombardment of the Hadean era began after perturbations from the other terrestrial planets caused Planet V's orbit to cross into the asteroid belt. Chambers and Lissauer presented the results of initial tests of this hypothesis during the 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held from March 11 through 15, 2002.

The Hypothesis
According to the hypothesis, there were five terrestrial planets that formed during the planetary formation era. These being Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and finally Planet V. Planet V supposedly began on a low-eccentric orbit between Mars and the Asteroid belt, and it was around 1.8 to 1.9 AU's away from the Sun. While this orbit was long lived, the orbit was unstable at a time scale of 600 million years. Eventually, perturbations from the inner planets drove Planet V onto a high eccentric orbit that crossed into the inner asteroid belt. This caused many asteroids to scatter into Mars-crossing and resonant orbits by their close encounters with Planet V. Many of these said asteroids eventually drove into Earth-crossing orbits, temporally enhancing the lunar impact rate. This process continued until Planet V was ultimately lost, most likely by colliding with the Sun after entering the V6 secular resonance.